Having secured their accession, they then proceeded, in a step-by-step process, to secure and extend the union government's authority over these states and transform their administrations until, by 1956, there was little difference between the territories that had been part of British India and those that had been princely states. Menon coerced and coalesced the rulers of the various princely states to accede to India. Through a combination of factors, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and V. The political integration of these territories into India was a declared objective of the Indian National Congress, and the Government of India pursued this over the next decade. In addition, there were several colonial enclaves controlled by France and Portugal.
The latter included 562 princely states, having different types of revenue sharing arrangements with the British, often depending on their size, population and local conditions. British India and the princely states in 1909Īt the time of Indian independence in 1947, India was divided into two sets of territories, one under direct British rule, and the other under the suzerainty of the British Crown, with control over their internal affairs remaining in the hands of their hereditary rulers.
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